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</head><body><div id="web_bg"></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="author-avatar"><img class="avatar-img" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200807181526.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="site-data"><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">362</div></a></div></div><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">427</div></a></div></div><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">101</div></a></div></div></div><hr/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/link/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/博客封面2.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog_name"><a id="site-name" href="/">Kylin</a></span><div id="menus"><div id="search-button"><a class="site-page social-icon search"><i class="fas fa-search fa-fw"></i><span> 搜索</span></a></div><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/link/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/about/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Java-IO流-9</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-05-16T09:34:56.000Z" title="发表于 2020-05-16 17:34:56">2020-05-16</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-07-12T11:42:50.036Z" title="更新于 2022-07-12 19:42:50">2022-07-12</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Java/">Java</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Java/IO%E6%B5%81/">IO流</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.4k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>4分钟</span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="处理流之六：对象流"><a href="#处理流之六：对象流" class="headerlink" title="处理流之六：对象流"></a>处理流之六：对象流</h2><p><strong>ObjectInputStream和OjbectOutputSteam</strong> </p>
<p><strong>用于存储和读取基本数据类型数据或对象的处理流。它的强大之处就是可 以把Java中的对象写入到数据源中，也能把对象从数据源中还原回来。</strong> </p>
<p><strong>序列化：用ObjectOutputStream类保存基本类型数据或对象的机制</strong> </p>
<p><strong>反序列化：用ObjectInputStream类读取基本类型数据或对象的机制</strong></p>
<p><strong>ObjectOutputStream和ObjectInputStream不能序列化static和transient修 饰的成员变量</strong></p>
<h2 id="对象的序列化"><a href="#对象的序列化" class="headerlink" title="对象的序列化"></a>对象的序列化</h2><p><strong>对象序列化机制允许把内存中的Java对象转换成平台无关的二进制流，从而允许把这种二进制流持久地保存在磁盘上，或通过网络将这种二进制流传输到另一个网络节点。当其它程序获取了这种二进制流，就可以恢复成原来的Java对象</strong> </p>
<p>序列化的好处在于可将任何实现了Serializable接口的对象转化为字节数据， 使其在保存和传输时可被还原 </p>
<p>序列化是 RMI（Remote Method Invoke – 远程方法调用）过程的参数和返回值都必须实现的机制，而 RMI 是 JavaEE 的基础。因此序列化机制是 JavaEE 平台的基础 </p>
<p>如果需要让某个对象支持序列化机制，<strong>则必须让对象所属的类及其属性是可序列化的，为了让某个类是可序列化的，该类必须实现如下两个接口之一<mark>Serializable Externalizable</mark></strong>。 否则，会抛出NotSerializableException异常 </p>
<p>凡是实现Serializable接口的类都有一个表示序列化版本标识符的静态变量： </p>
<ul>
<li><mark><strong>private static final long serialVersionUID</strong></mark>; </li>
<li><strong>serialVersionUID用来表明类的不同版本间的兼容性。简言之，其目的是以序列化对象 进行版本控制，有关各版本反序列化时是否兼容。</strong> </li>
<li>如果类没有显示定义这个静态常量，它的值是Java运行时环境根据类的内部细节自动生成的。若类的实例变量做了修改，serialVersionUID 可能发生变化。故建议， 显式声明。 </li>
<li><strong>简单来说，Java的序列化机制是通过在运行时判断类的serialVersionUID来验证版本一致性的。在进行反序列化时，JVM会把传来的字节流中的 serialVersionUID与本地相应实体类的serialVersionUID进行比较，如果相同就认为是一致的，可以进行反序列化，否则就会出现序列化版本不一致的异常。(InvalidCastException)</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="使用对象流序列化对象"><a href="#使用对象流序列化对象" class="headerlink" title="使用对象流序列化对象"></a>使用对象流序列化对象</h2><p>若某个类实现了 Serializable 接口，该类的对象就是可序列化的：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>创建一个 ObjectOutputStream </p>
</li>
<li><p>调用 ObjectOutputStream 对象的 writeObject(对象) 方法输出可序列化对象 </p>
</li>
<li><p>注意写出一次，操作flush()一次 </p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>反序列化 </p>
<ul>
<li><p>创建一个 ObjectInputStream </p>
</li>
<li><p>调用 readObject() 方法读取流中的对象 </p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>强调：如果某个类的属性不是基本数据类型或 String 类型，而是另一个引用类型，那么这个<mark>引用类型必须是可序列化的</mark>，否则拥有该类型的 Field 的类也不能序列化</strong></p>
<h3 id="基本数据类型和String"><a href="#基本数据类型和String" class="headerlink" title="基本数据类型和String"></a>基本数据类型和String</h3><div class="note success flat"><p>序列化</p>
</div>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516175912.png" alt="image-20200516175910591"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516175951.png" alt="image-20200516175950254"></p>
<div class="note success flat"><p>反序列化</p>
</div>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516180327.png" alt="image-20200516180326410"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516180358.png" alt="image-20200516180356996"></p>
<h3 id="对象类型"><a href="#对象类型" class="headerlink" title="对象类型"></a>对象类型</h3><p>创建一个Person对象类</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516180700.png" alt="image-20200516180658840"></p>
<div class="note success flat"><p>序列化</p>
</div>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516180808.png" alt="image-20200516180806860"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516180924.png" alt="image-20200516180923622"></p>
<div class="note success flat"><p>反序列化</p>
</div>

<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516181222.png" alt="image-20200516181221376"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516181237.png" alt="image-20200516181236604"></p>
<h2 id="serialVersionUID问题"><a href="#serialVersionUID问题" class="headerlink" title="serialVersionUID问题"></a>serialVersionUID问题</h2><p><strong>Java的序列化机制是通过在运行时判断类的serialVersionUID来验证版本一致性的。在进行反序列化时，JVM会把传来的字节流中的 serialVersionUID与本地相应实体类的serialVersionUID进行比较，如果相同就认为是一致的，可以进行反序列化，否则就会出现序列化版本不一致的异常。(InvalidCastException)</strong></p>
<p><strong>如果类没有显示定义这个静态常量，它的值是Java运行时环境根据类的内部细节自动生成的</strong></p>
<p>此时我们的Person类是声明了serialVersionUID常量的。我们将Person对象序列化一下</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516181605.png" alt="image-20200516181604053"></p>
<p>序列化成功</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516181627.png" alt="image-20200516181626606"></p>
<p>接着我们把Person类中的serialVersionUID常量给注释掉，此时在对其进行序列化反序列化操作时会自动生成一个隐式的serialVersionUID。</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516181842.png" alt="image-20200516181840567"></p>
<p>在进行一次反序列化操作</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516181918.png" alt="image-20200516181916620"></p>
<p><strong>出现序列化版本不一致的异常。(InvalidCastException)</strong></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516182039.png" alt="image-20200516182037900"></p>
<p>将serialVersionUID注释去掉，再次进行反序列化操作。版本号一致，反序列化成功</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516182218.png" alt="image-20200516182216858"></p>
<h2 id="类对象可序列化的条件"><a href="#类对象可序列化的条件" class="headerlink" title="类对象可序列化的条件"></a>类对象可序列化的条件</h2><p>如果某个类的属性不是基本数据类型或 String 类型，而是另一个引用类型，那么这个<mark>引用类型必须是可序列化的</mark>，否则拥有该类型的 Field 的类也不能序列化</p>
<p>创建一个Habit对象，没有实现Serializable接口。不可序列化</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516182950.png" alt="image-20200516182949501"></p>
<p>修改Person对象属性</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183104.png" alt="image-20200516183103315"></p>
<p>对Person进行序列化操作</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183216.png" alt="image-20200516183215464"></p>
<p>报错该类不能序列化。导致Person类也不能序列化</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183248.png" alt="image-20200516183247621"></p>
<p>Habit类实现Serializable接口，变成可序列化</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183505.png" alt="image-20200516183503909"></p>
<p>再次进行序列化操作</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183534.png" alt="image-20200516183533261"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183550.png" alt="image-20200516183549718"></p>
<p>将其反序列化</p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183729.png" alt="image-20200516183728674"></p>
<p><img src= "https://gitee.com/kylincw/images/raw/master/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200516183747.png" alt="image-20200516183745648"></p>
<p>成功！</p>
<h2 id="Serializable接口的理解"><a href="#Serializable接口的理解" class="headerlink" title="Serializable接口的理解"></a>Serializable接口的理解</h2><p>实现了Serializable接口的对象，可将它们转换成一系列字节，并可在以后 完全恢复回原来的样子。这一过程亦可通过网络进行。这意味着序列化机 制能自动补偿操作系统间的差异。换句话说，可以先在Windows机器上创 建一个对象，对其序列化，然后通过网络发给一台Unix机器，然后在那里 准确无误地重新“装配”。不必关心数据在不同机器上如何表示，也不必 关心字节的顺序或者其他任何细节。 </p>
<p>由于大部分作为参数的类如String、Integer等都实现了 java.io.Serializable的接口，也可以利用多态的性质，作为参数使接口更 灵活。</p>
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href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%B5%81%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用对象流序列化对象</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%92%8CString"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本数据类型和String</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对象类型</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#serialVersionUID%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">serialVersionUID问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B1%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%AF%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span 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